Ībhay Charan studied at the Scottish Church College. His parents, Gour Mohan De and Rajani De, were devout Vaishnavas and resided in Calcutta. Swami was born Abhay Charan on 1 September 1896 in Calcutta. He has been subject to criticism over his racist views against blacks, discrimination against lower castes, anti-Semitism, negative views on women, and advocacy of crimes of Adolf Hitler. He was well regarded by a number of American religious scholars but was criticised by anti-cult groups. As a travelling Vaishnava monk, he became an influential communicator of Gaudiya Vaishnavite theology across India and the Western world through his leadership of ISKCON, founded in 1966. In 1959, after his retirement, he left his family to become a sannyasi and started writing commentaries on Vaishnava scriptures. While working at a small pharmaceutical business, he met and became a follower of Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati. īorn in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in a Suvarna Banik family, he was educated at the Scottish Church College. Members of ISKCON view Bhaktivedanta Swami as a representative and messenger of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.Ībhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami ( IAST: Abhaya Caraṇāravinda Bhakti-vedānta Svāmī 1 September 1896 – 14 November 1977 ) was an Indian Gaudiya Vaishnava guru who founded ISKCON, commonly known as the " Hare Krishna movement".
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